Foot discomfort can often be brushed off as fatigue or an ill-fitting shoe. However, certain symptoms, especially persistent pain or visible wounds, may signal a more serious underlying condition. Early identification is critical in preventing complications, ensuring proper treatment, and preserving mobility and overall health.

At the onset, some foot conditions present as subtle pain during daily activities. For instance, sesamoiditis is a condition that affects the small sesamoid bones beneath the big toe. It typically causes pain with walking or pressure on the ball of the foot. While it might seem like a minor issue, ignoring symptoms can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, or difficulty walking.

Pain is often a signal from the body that should not be ignored, particularly when it becomes frequent or intensifies without an obvious cause. Understanding the warning signs of serious foot problems can help people take timely action and avoid long-term damage.

Recognising Symptoms Beyond General Pain

Many individuals tolerate foot pain for extended periods, assuming it will resolve on its own. However, the following symptoms may indicate something more serious and should be evaluated by a medical professional:

1. Pain That Persists or Worsens

Pain that lingers beyond a few days or intensifies with activity could signal stress fractures, tendonitis, arthritis, or other degenerative issues. If simple rest and supportive shoes fail to bring relief, further evaluation is necessary.

2. Swelling and Redness

Swelling may result from trauma, infection, or inflammation. When accompanied by redness, warmth, or tenderness, it could point to cellulitis, bursitis, or gout. Localised swelling that doesn’t subside warrants a closer look.

3. Numbness or Tingling

A tingling sensation, burning, or numbness in the feet may indicate nerve involvement. Conditions such as peripheral neuropathy are common among people with diabetes and can go unnoticed until serious damage occurs.

4. Open Sores or Wounds

Any break in the skin, particularly one that doesn’t heal properly, may become infected or develop into a deeper problem. Special caution should be taken with wounds on the feet, as they are more susceptible to infection due to lower circulation.

Mid-Stage Warnings: When Foot Ulcers Appear

One of the most dangerous foot conditions is the development of ulcers. An ulcer typically begins as a small, painless sore that gradually deepens. Because they may not cause discomfort in the early stages, especially in patients with reduced sensation, they are often overlooked.

Clinics that specialise in foot ulcer Toronto care often report seeing patients who delay treatment, believing the sore is minor. Unfortunately, foot ulcers can progress rapidly, increasing the risk of serious infections or even amputation.

These ulcers most commonly occur on the ball of the foot or heel. Warning signs include drainage on socks, a foul smell from the wound, or black tissue indicating necrosis. Immediate medical attention is essential to prevent complications. Treatment often involves debridement, protective footwear, antibiotics, and in advanced cases, surgical intervention.

Additional Conditions That Mimic Simple Foot Pain

Diabetic Foot Complications

People with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk for foot issues due to nerve damage and poor blood flow. Diabetic neuropathy can lead to a complete loss of sensation, making it harder to detect minor injuries. A small blister or crack in the skin can rapidly evolve into a serious infection without proper care.

Routine monitoring and preventative care are vital. This includes foot inspections, wearing therapeutic footwear, and attending regular podiatric check-ups.

Charcot Foot

Charcot foot is a rare but serious condition often linked to diabetic neuropathy. It causes weakening of the bones, which may fracture or dislocate. Alarmingly, many individuals continue walking on the damaged foot without realising it, worsening the deformity. Signs include swelling, redness, and a noticeably warm foot.

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

PAD occurs when narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs. This condition makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infection. Symptoms include leg pain when walking, foot cramps, shiny skin, and cold toes.

When circulation is poor, even small foot injuries become dangerous. Without sufficient blood supply, healing slows dramatically, which can allow minor conditions to escalate.

How to Distinguish Between Common Aches and Medical Emergencies

Sometimes it’s difficult to determine when foot pain is a medical emergency. The key is to monitor the frequency, intensity, and progression of the discomfort. Any foot condition that interferes with walking, shows no signs of improvement, or includes visible changes in the skin should be evaluated promptly.

Signs that require urgent attention include:

• A wound or sore that doesn’t heal after two weeks

• Visible pus or unusual discharge

• Black or grey skin patches

• Fever accompanying foot pain or swelling

• Structural changes to the shape of the foot

• Complete numbness or inability to move the foot

Preventative Measures to Protect Foot Health

The best defence against serious foot conditions is early prevention. Establishing a consistent foot care routine is essential, especially for those with underlying medical conditions.

Daily Foot Checks

Inspect the feet every day, paying attention to the soles, between the toes, and around the nails. Look for blisters, cuts, colour changes, or signs of infection. Use a mirror or seek help if mobility is limited.

Proper Footwear

Shoes should fit well, provide arch support, and allow the toes to move freely. Avoid wearing the same shoes every day, and replace worn-out soles or damaged insoles promptly.

Moisturising and Skin Care

Dry skin is more likely to crack, especially around the heels. Apply a gentle moisturiser daily, but avoid applying cream between the toes to prevent fungal growth.

Regular Medical Check-Ups

People with diabetes or circulation issues should see a podiatrist routinely. A healthcare professional can detect early signs of complications and provide guidance on footwear, hygiene, and lifestyle changes.

Role of Podiatrists and Foot Care Clinics

Podiatrists are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of foot and ankle conditions. They use diagnostic tools such as imaging, vascular assessments, and neurological testing to identify problems early.

In many urban centres, foot care services are integrated with endocrinology, vascular medicine, and wound care. This multidisciplinary approach ensures that high-risk individuals receive coordinated and timely care.

Routine visits to a foot clinic can help with:

• Diabetic foot monitoring

• Custom orthotic fittings

• Treatment of fungal infections

• Ulcer prevention and wound management

• Education on proper footwear and hygiene

Importance of Timely Intervention

Waiting too long to address foot issues often leads to avoidable complications. A seemingly small injury can spiral into an emergency when left untreated. Swelling, infection, and bone damage can occur within days, not weeks, particularly in vulnerable individuals.

In cases like ulcers or Charcot foot, early intervention can mean the difference between full recovery and permanent damage. Preventative care, patient education, and prompt medical attention are all vital to preserving foot function and preventing disability.

Foot pain and ulcers are not problems to take lightly. While many people experience minor discomfort from time to time, ongoing pain, loss of sensation, swelling, or visible wounds may point to more serious medical conditions. Understanding the warning signs and seeking care at the right time can prevent long-term consequences and support better overall health.

Good foot health starts with awareness. Being proactive with daily inspections, choosing the right footwear, and seeking medical help when needed can ensure lasting mobility and reduce the risk of serious complications. For those with underlying health concerns, regular visits to a qualified podiatrist are an investment in long-term well-being.

Aging is an inevitable process, and as we grow older, our bodies undergo various changes that can impact our mobility and overall quality of life. For seniors, maintaining mobility and independence is crucial for a fulfilling and active lifestyle. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in helping older adults stay mobile, manage pain, and maintain their independence for as long as possible. In this article, we will explore the importance of physiotherapy for seniors, the benefits it offers, and how it can help improve their overall well-being.

Understanding the Aging Process

As we age, our bodies experience a natural decline in physical function. Muscles may become weaker, joints stiffer, and balance less steady. Conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic pain become more prevalent, making everyday activities more challenging. The risk of falls also increases, leading to potential injuries that can further limit mobility.

Physiotherapy is an effective way to address these age-related changes. It is a healthcare discipline focused on restoring and maintaining physical function through exercises, manual therapy, education, and advice. For seniors, physiotherapy can help manage the physical challenges of aging, prevent further decline, and enhance their ability to remain independent.

The Role of Physiotherapy in Maintaining Mobility

Mobility is a key factor in an individual’s ability to perform daily activities, such as walking, dressing, and bathing. When mobility is compromised, it can lead to a reduced quality of life, increased dependency on others, and a higher risk of developing additional health problems.

Physiotherapists helps seniors maintain and improve their mobility through various interventions, including:

1. Strengthening Exercises: As we age, muscle mass naturally decreases, leading to weakness and reduced endurance. Physiotherapists design personalized exercise programs that target specific muscle groups to improve strength and stability. These exercises are often low-impact and can be performed at home, making them accessible for seniors with different fitness levels.
2. Balance and Coordination Training: Falls are a significant concern for older adults, as they can result in fractures, head injuries, and a loss of confidence. Physiotherapists use balance and coordination exercises to help seniors improve their stability and reduce the risk of falls. These exercises may include standing on one leg, walking on uneven surfaces, or practicing controlled movements to enhance proprioception (the sense of body position).
3. Flexibility and Stretching: Stiff joints and muscles can limit the range of motion and make it difficult to perform everyday tasks. Physiotherapy incorporates stretching exercises to improve flexibility and maintain joint health. This helps seniors stay limber, reducing discomfort and making it easier to move freely.
4. Gait Training: Gait, or the way a person walks, can change with age due to factors like muscle weakness, joint pain, or neurological conditions. Physiotherapists assess gait patterns and provide training to improve walking efficiency, reduce pain, and prevent further injury. They may also recommend assistive devices such as canes or walkers to enhance safety and mobility.
5. Pain Management: Chronic pain is a common issue among seniors, often resulting from conditions like arthritis, sciatica, or fibromyalgia. Physiotherapy offers various pain management techniques, including manual therapy, heat and cold therapy, and ultrasound. These methods help alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and improve overall comfort.

Promoting Independence Through Physiotherapy

Independence is closely linked to an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) without assistance. These activities include bathing, dressing, grooming, cooking, and shopping. When seniors lose the ability to perform ADLs, they may become reliant on caregivers or require long-term care, which can impact their emotional well-being and quality of life.

Physiotherapy helps seniors maintain independence by addressing the physical challenges that interfere with daily activities. By improving strength, balance, and flexibility, seniors can continue to perform ADLs with confidence. Additionally, physiotherapists provide education on energy conservation techniques, safe movement strategies, and the use of adaptive equipment to enhance independence.

For example, a physiotherapist may teach a senior how to use a grab bar in the bathroom to safely get in and out of the shower or how to use a reacher to pick up items from the floor without bending over. These simple adaptations can make a significant difference in maintaining independence and preventing accidents.

Managing Chronic Conditions with Physiotherapy

Many seniors live with chronic health conditions that can impact their mobility and overall well-being. Conditions such as arthritis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and heart disease are common among older adults and can lead to physical limitations. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing these conditions by providing targeted interventions that address specific symptoms and improve quality of life.

1. Arthritis: Arthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling. Physiotherapy can help seniors manage arthritis by providing joint-specific exercises, manual therapy, and education on joint protection techniques. These interventions can reduce pain, improve joint function, and prevent further damage.
2. Stroke Rehabilitation: A stroke can result in significant physical impairments, such as weakness, paralysis, and loss of coordination. Physiotherapy is essential in stroke rehabilitation, helping individuals regain movement, improve balance, and relearn daily activities. Through a combination of exercises, electrical stimulation, and functional training, stroke survivors can work towards regaining independence.
3. Parkinson’s Disease: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination. Physiotherapists work with individuals with Parkinson’s to improve mobility, reduce rigidity, and enhance overall function. Techniques such as gait training, balance exercises, and posture correction are commonly used to address the symptoms of Parkinson’s.
4. Cardiovascular Disease: Heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions can lead to reduced endurance, fatigue, and difficulty with physical activities. Physiotherapy can help seniors with cardiovascular disease by providing exercise programs that improve heart health, increase stamina, and promote overall fitness. These programs are tailored to the individual’s abilities and are designed to be safe and effective.

The Psychological Benefits of Physiotherapy

In addition to its physical benefits, physiotherapy also offers psychological advantages for seniors. Aging and the associated decline in physical function can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression. The loss of independence and the fear of falling can further exacerbate these emotions.

Physiotherapy helps address these psychological challenges by empowering seniors to take control of their health and well-being. As they progress through their therapy, they often experience improved self-esteem, reduced anxiety, and a greater sense of accomplishment. The social interaction that comes with regular therapy sessions can also provide emotional support and reduce feelings of isolation.

Furthermore, physiotherapists often work with seniors to set achievable goals, whether it’s walking a certain distance, climbing stairs, or performing a specific activity without assistance. Reaching these goals can provide a sense of purpose and motivation, contributing to overall mental health.

Preventing Future Health Issues

One of the key benefits of physiotherapy for seniors is its preventive nature. By addressing physical limitations early on, physiotherapy can help prevent future health issues and complications. For example, improving balance and strength can reduce the risk of falls, which are a leading cause of injury among older adults. Similarly, maintaining joint flexibility can prevent the progression of arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions.

Physiotherapists also educate seniors on healthy lifestyle choices, such as the importance of regular physical activity, proper nutrition, and hydration. These factors play a significant role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases.

Accessing Physiotherapy for Seniors

Seniors can access physiotherapy services in various settings, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, rehabilitation centers, and in-home care. Many physiotherapy clinics specialize in geriatric care, offering services tailored to the needs of older adults.

For those living in or near Watsonia, physiotherapy services can be conveniently accessed through clinics like Excel Body and Health. They provide personalized care plans designed to address the unique challenges faced by seniors, helping them maintain their mobility and independence. To learn more about the services they offer, visit www.excelbodyandhealth.com.au.

It’s important for seniors and their families to recognize the signs that physiotherapy may be needed. These signs include difficulty with balance, frequent falls, chronic pain, reduced strength, and difficulty performing daily activities. Early intervention can make a significant difference in maintaining mobility and preventing further decline.

Physiotherapy is a valuable resource for seniors seeking to maintain their mobility and independence as they age. By addressing the physical challenges associated with aging, Watsonia physiotherapy can help seniors stay active, manage pain, and continue performing daily activities with confidence. Additionally, the psychological benefits of physiotherapy contribute to overall well-being, making it an essential component of healthy aging.

Whether managing chronic conditions, recovering from surgery, or simply wanting to stay active, seniors can greatly benefit from the expertise and guidance of a physiotherapist. By incorporating physiotherapy into their healthcare routine, older adults can enjoy a higher quality of life, greater independence, and the ability to engage in the activities they love.

Maintaining mobility and independence is key to aging gracefully, and physiotherapy provides the tools and support needed to achieve this goal

The shape and firmness of a woman’s breasts can significantly influence her self-esteem and sense of femininity. For those concerned with sagging or drooping breast tissue, a breast lift can be an ideal solution, rejuvenating the breasts’ appearance and boosting confidence.

For individuals who have experienced significant weight loss, such as after bariatric surgery, loose and sagging skin on the upper arms can be a persistent issue. This can lead to discomfort and limitations in clothing choices. An arm lift, or brachioplasty, offers a way to reduce this excess skin, tighten supportive tissue, and refine the arm’s contour, providing a slimmer and more defined appearance.

Cosmetic Procedures

Many men and women who have lost significant weight (such as after bariatric surgery) are left with loose, sagging skin in the upper arms. This can be a source of embarrassment and limit the type of clothing that can be worn. An arm lift, or brachioplasty, can reduce this excess skin and tighten supportive tissue to help slim and define the upper arms. It can also reduce any pockets of fat in the upper arm that may be resistant to weight loss.

An arm lift can be performed either through a simple incision on the inner or outer side of the elbow or, as in some patients, an extended brachioplasty through the lateral chest and breasts. The latter technique, which can eliminate bat wing deformity in the axilla and lateral chest, is often paired with some form of arm liposuction to decrease the overall arm circumference and allow more skin to be removed.

Because the upper arms can be difficult to contour by themselves, some plastic surgeons recommend performing an arm lift in conjunction with other body-contouring procedures like a tummy tuck and/or a breast lift. This will enhance the results by proportioning the breasts to their new, slimmer upper-body shape. It is also possible to perform certain facial Local Cosmetic Surgery Procedures, such as an eyelid lift, chin augmentation, or a neck lift, at the same time as an arm lift.

Breast Implants

A breast lift can help address sagging or “ptosis” and if you’re a good candidate, this procedure can be combined with augmentation surgery to improve both the look and feel of your bust. Adding implants can increase breast size and enhance the shape of your nipple.

There are several types of breast implant available, and we work with each patient to choose a style that suits their needs and goals. The two most common are silicone and saline. Silicone gel-filled implants provide a more natural and realistic appearance and are generally preferred. Saline-filled implants are less expensive, but may have a harder time conforming to the natural contours of your chest and may be more prone to rippling.

The location of the implant is also an important consideration. Implants can be placed either behind the pectoral muscle (submuscular) or in front of it (subglandular). Submuscular placement has the advantage of a lower risk of capsular contracture and a more natural breast shape but requires a longer surgery and more scar tissue. Subglandular placement is shorter but has the disadvantages of a more visible scar and less tissue to support the implant.

The cost of this procedure will depend on your individual treatment program and may include the surgeon’s fee, costs associated with the facility, anesthesiology, post-operative garments, and any additional surgical techniques. GalaFLEX is an optional addition that can extend the results of your breast lift and may be a good option for some patients.

Breast Lift

The aging process, childbirth, fluctuations in weight, and genetics can all contribute to breast drooping or sagging. A breast lift (also known as mastopexy) can restore a more youthful appearance and boost self-confidence by repositioning the nipple higher on the chest wall and removing excess tissue. This procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia and takes about 3 hours.

To prepare for a breast lift, your surgeon will want to know about any past or present medical conditions and medications you’re taking. You should also tell your doctor about any natural supplements or naturopathic substances you use, including garlic, ginseng, St. John’s Wort, and other herbs that may interfere with clotting or anesthesia.

During your procedure, the surgeon will make one or more incisions to access and reshape the breast tissue. The surgeon will then close the incisions with sutures and sometimes place a drain tube to prevent fluid buildup. After the surgery, you may experience pain, swelling and bruising. You can take pain medication as directed, and ice packs can help reduce swelling.

The results of your breast lift should be permanent if you maintain a stable weight, avoid smoking, and exercise regularly to prevent new areas of sagging or stretch marks. It’s important to follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding post-op care to minimise the risk of complications.

Brachioplasty

The skin of the upper arms loses its elasticity as people grow older, and experience weight fluctuations or because of hereditary conditions. This results in a flaccid deposit of tissue that hangs like wings when the arms are extended and cannot be improved by diet or exercise alone. This can be a source of insecurity and embarrassment for many people. An arm lift, or brachioplasty, reduces excess fatty and loose skin to create a toned, defined appearance.

During the operation, an incision is made on the inside of the arm from the elbow to the armpit. Excess skin is removed and, if needed, fat is suctioned from the area. The procedure typically takes one to two hours to treat both sides. The surgeon can use liposuction to address additional areas of unwanted fat as well.

Following the procedure, the patient can expect some swelling of the arm and hand. This is usually minor and improves over time. Patients can return to work within a few weeks.

Because the skin is being surgically altered, a scar will be present. The size and appearance of the scar is usually not a concern but can be discussed with your doctor. As with all surgeries, complications can occur. They may include damage to the lymphatic system, infection, and blood clots. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for recovery to avoid these risks.

Both breast lifts and brachioplasty can significantly enhance a person’s appearance and self-confidence. By addressing issues of sagging and excess skin, these procedures offer solutions for those seeking a more youthful and toned physique. Consulting with a skilled surgeon will ensure personalised treatment plans that meet individual goals and needs, ultimately leading to satisfying and long-lasting results.

A podiatrist is trained to treat and provide preventive care for a full spectrum of foot and ankle problems. They are uniquely qualified to understand the complexities of 26 bones, 33 joints and 100 muscles, tendons and ligaments that form your feet.

They have effective communication skills that allow them to communicate their diagnoses, treatment options and preventive measures in a clear and empathetic manner.

Painful Blisters

Blisters are a common problem, especially for runners and hikers who put lots of pressure on their feet. They are usually painful and can take weeks to heal. If you suspect an infection, you should see a healthcare provider immediately.

To prevent blisters, try wearing thicker socks and applying moleskin or other soft bandages to reduce friction and chafing. You can also wear shoes that fit well and add padding inside the shoe to decrease abnormal rubbing. Using hydrocolloid bandages can also help.

Avoid trying to pop the blisters yourself, as it can lead to infections. However, if a large blister is very painful and doesn’t go away with over-the-counter treatments, you can consult with Balwyn north podiatrist about draining it. He or she will sterilize a needle and pierce the blister near the edge, then squeeze it to let out the fluid. Do not remove the “roof” of the blister as it protects the raw skin under it. Keep the area clean and covered. Blisters are often caused by repetitive friction, sudden exertion or exposure to extreme conditions like cold or hot water, frostbite and sunburn.

Ingrown Toenails

Ingrown toenails often begin as a minor nuisance, but they can become painful and infected. Infection can lead to a pus-filled bump or granuloma, and if left untreated, it can cause severe pain when walking or wearing shoes.

In many cases, mild ingrown toenails can be treated at home by soaking the foot in a warm, soapy bath and gently massaging the swollen part of the nail. Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory tinctures, gels or creams may also help.

For more serious ingrown toenails, a podiatrist can trim the ingrown nail to reduce pressure and prevent it from growing back. Local anesthesia is typically used for this procedure. In severe cases, a podiatrist may need to completely remove the entire nail and its underlying tissue, or apply a chemical known as phenol to stop it from growing back.

To prevent ingrown toenails, cut your toenails straight across and avoid rounding or tapering the corners. Soak your feet in warm water 3 to 4 times a day, and make sure to dry them thoroughly. Wear open shoes that give your toes room, and avoid tight or pointed shoes.

Diabetic Foot Care

For diabetics, podiatric care is extremely important. This is because many diabetes-related foot problems are caused by nerve damage (called neuropathy). When a person has diabetes, they lose the ability to sense pain or temperature in their feet, so any injury can go unnoticed and untreated until it becomes very serious.

A podiatrist in Ivanhoe will inspect your feet regularly and recommend special shoes if necessary. They can also help you with a daily self-care routine that includes washing your feet in warm water and patting them dry, especially between the toes. They can also advise you on a healthy diet and exercise that helps keep the blood flowing to your feet.

Remember, as the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure! Visiting a podiatrist while your feet and ankles are healthy can prevent you from having to pay a much higher price for treatment later on. It could even save your life! If you’re not sure whether a podiatrist is the right choice for you, contact your local health care provider to find out more.

Neuromas

Your feet are filled with nerves that help you feel, see, touch, smell and taste. However, sometimes those nerves get pinched and begin to grow thicker, resulting in painful swollen masses called neuromas. Neuromas occur most commonly in the balls of your feet, between your third and fourth toes and can cause pain, tingling or numbness. Also known as Morton’s neuroma, it is a benign growth of tissue that develops after an injury causes a nerve to be pinched and irritated.

Often, it is a result of wearing shoes with narrow toe boxes or high heels that push your toes into the toe box. But it may also be a result of having certain foot deformities like bunions, flat feet or hammertoes, and participating in aggravating activities such as running and racquet sports. Left untreated, neuromas can enlarge, leading to permanent nerve damage. Visiting a podiatrist can provide diagnosis and treatment to reduce the pain from these growths. They can recommend modifying footwear, massaging the affected area and icing the foot to help relieve the symptoms.

Sports Injuries

Our feet support us and give us the ability to move, but some activities put a lot of stress on our feet. If you’re an athlete, a podiatrist can recommend proper footwear to avoid injuries to the lower legs and feet. They can also provide recommendations to help prevent recurring sports-related injury.

Podiatrists are trained to recognize the early signs of conditions such as bunions, hammertoes and neuromas, and treat them before they become serious. This can save you the pain, expense and inconvenience of dealing with them later.

Podiatrists have excellent communication skills and can explain complex matters in a clear and understandable way, fostering trust with patients. They also have excellent surgical dexterity, which allows them to perform procedures with precision and minimize complications. They often work closely with orthopedic specialists, physical therapists and sports trainers to ensure holistic support for athletes. They are also skilled in wound care and can diagnose and treat issues affecting patients’ ability to heal, such as malnutrition, vascular problems or poor tissue oxygenation. They can also advise on diabetic foot care.

Breast reconstruction procedures in Melbourne aims to achieve your desired look and is an area in which there is not one standard procedure or treatment pathway. Therefore, breast reconstructions are tailored to suit the patient’s specific needs.

Over the last thirty years, there have been significant changes to both the breast reconstruction procedure and breast reduction surgery in Melbourne. The results obtained now are more aesthetic than those achieved even ten years ago. With advancements in various areas such as fat transfer, nipple and areola tattooing and refinements in free tissue transfer, results have significantly improved and surgery is now able to achieve must stronger results for the receiving patient.

Generally, breast reconstruction can be divided into two main groups. Either breast reconstruction using existing tissue or alternatively, breast implants (boob job) Melbourne / breast augmentation surgery in Melbourne or tissue expanding devices. For Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap (DIEP Flap) surgery, reconstruction on one breast takes about five to six hours, and bilateral reconstruction on both breasts takes approximately seven to eight hours.

If the patient’s case is best suited to using your own tissue, then it tends to be a considerably larger operation, however, it enables the reconstructed breast to feel more natural and better matched to the existing contra- lateral breast. Often a breast surgery is performed in conjunction with a mummy makeover procedure.

Conversely, reconstruction using implants or tissue expanders tend to be simpler and more time efficient. However, the major disadvantage is that usually implants need to be replaced after 15-20 years. Further, many small adjustments to the breast over its lifetime are frequently made, in order to maintain symmetry between both breasts. For patients carrying high risk genes or having both breasts reconstructed, prostheses are often used.